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- Designing the Ultimate Bike
-
- No single bike design is the ultimate for all tracks.
- The following section will explain the effects of
- various bike properties on bike performance. With
- this information and a little experimentation, you
- should be able to design bikes for all types of tracks. Of course, you then have to learn to ride them.
-
- Power and Weight
-
- This one is simple. To make the fastest bike possible,
- you always want maximum power and minimum weight. To
- minimize the weight, minimize the bike weight, the
- front wheel weight, and the rear wheel weight.
-
- Brake power determines how much braking occurs when
- you bring your throttle down to decelerate. You will
- probably want to set this at it's maximum value so
- that you can slow down as quickly as possible.
-
- Bike Geometry
-
- This requires a little more thought. The parameters
- that affect overall bike geometry are front and rear
- wheel radius, front and rear distance, front and rear
- height, and rake angle.
-
- In general, you want the center of gravity (the
- location of the weight of the bike) to be as low as
- possible. A top heavy bike tends to flip over more
- easily (especially when you try to accelerate quickly).
- So front and rear height should be kept as low as
- they go. The only reason to increase these values
- might be for appearance sake (e.g. creating a tall
- "Monster Bike").
-
- A large wheel radius tends to roll over small bumps
- easier, but a large radius make the entire bike taller
- and hence raises the center of gravity, which works
- against you.
-
- The front and rear distance determine how far the
- front and rear suspension and wheels are located from
- the center of the bike. Increasing these values tends
- to make the bike more stable for two reasons. First,
- increasing the wheel base makes the geometry inherently
- more stable because it moves the points that contact
- the ground farther from the center of gravity. Second,
- increasing the wheel base increases the moment of
- inertia of the bike which makes the bike more
- difficult to rotate. Keep in mind that a stable bike
- may not always be what you want. Increasing the moment
- of inertia decreases the "gyration" effect which is
- explained in "Riding Tips". A simple and important
- fact to remember is that increasing the rear distance
- allows you to accelerate faster without flipping over
- backwards.
-
- The rake angle is the angle between the frame and the
- front suspension. A "chopper" usually has a very high
- rake angle, which makes the bike look cool, but doesn't
- help the handling very much. A lower rake angle allows
- the front suspension to absorb the bumps in a vertical
- direction better (which is the direction that most of
- the bumps affect the suspension), but you also want to
- absorb the bumps in a horizontal direction as you run
- into them, so some rake angle is usually desired.
- You'll have to play with this.
-
- Suspension
-
- This probably the most important aspect to designing
- the ultimate bike (and also the most difficult) is the
- suspension. The suspension consists of the front and
- rear travel, the front and rear spring rates, the front
- and rear compression damping, and the front and rear
- rebound damping. The wheel weights also affect the
- suspension, but as mentioned above, it is gererally
- best to have these weights set to their minimum values.
-
- When designing suspension for a particular bike, there
- are some general concepts to keep in mind. The first
- goal is to keep the rear wheel in contact with the
- ground as much as possible since acceleration is caused
- by the power transfer between the wheel and the ground.
- Second is that you want to use all of the suspension
- that you have. In general, you want the suspension to
- "bottom out" (you hear a "clank" when it bottoms out)
- once or twice in a race. This way, you know you are
- using all of the available stroke. If it bottoms too
- much, your suspension is too soft and if it doesn't
- bottom at all, it might be too stiff.
-
- The suspension travel is the distance that the wheel
- can travel up and down. For a motocross bike, you
- generally want this to be as large as possible so the
- suspension can do the best job at absorbing bumps and
- the impact from high jumps. Increasing the travel
- raises the center of gravity, however, so you will
- want to bring the travel down when designing a drag
- bike, a hill climb bike, or a trials bike.
-
- The spring rate is the stiffness of the spring that
- the suspension rides on. A higher spring rate will be
- able to absorb the impact from large bumps and high
- jumps better, but a lower spring rate will allow the
- suspension to absorb small bumps better. Keep in mind
- that if you lower the suspension travel, you will
- probably have to increase the spring rate since the
- spring has less distance in which to do it's job.
-
- If you have a suspension with springs and no damping,
- the bike will just bounce like a pogo stick. For fun,
- you can try this by setting all damping to zero. In a
- real bike, damping is done by the oil in the shock
- absorber. As the suspension compresses and rebounds,
- the shock resists, or damps, the motion. If you push
- down on the hood of your car and then let up, the car
- should come back up and stop. If your shocks are bad,
- it might bounce up and down a few times. If you had no
- shocks, it would bounce up and down and up and down for
- a long time.
-
- The difference between compression damping and rebound
- damping are when they work. Compression damping works
- when the suspension is being compressed and rebound
- damping works when the spring is pushing the suspension
- back out. If your rebound damping is set too high,
- the suspension will compress when you hit a bump, but
- the damping will keep the suspension from recovering
- (the wheel coming back down) before you hit the next
- bump. In an ideal situation, you would want the wheel
- to be all the way down for each bump.
-
- Compression damping resists the compressing motion of
- the suspension. It acts to stiffen the suspension,
- like the spring rate does, but since it's not a spring,
- it doesn't help to provide the force to push the
- suspension back out.
-
- The trick to designing the ultimate suspension is in
- finding the proper balance between spring rate,
- compression damping, and rebound damping. Trial and
- error is often the best teacher. Keep in mind the goal
- of keeping the rear wheel in contact with the ground as
- much of the time as possible.
-
- Gear Ratios
-
- Gear ratios determine the relative speeds between the
- engine and the rear wheel when you are in a particular
- gear. The most important setting to adjust is probably
- the ratio for the highest gear. The higher you set it,
- the faster your bike can ultimately go on a flat
- surface, but the higher you go, the less torque you can
- generate to accelerate your bike. This is why lower
- gears have lower ratios. You use those lower gears to
- get the torque you need to get the bike moving, then
- switch to the next gear when you start to run out of
- engine speed in that gear. The gear ratios should be
- spaced so that you can increase speed from one gear to
- the next.
-
- Auto/Manual Transmission
-
- If you turn off auto transmission, you will have to shift
- the bike yourself using the X and Z keys. The first time
- you press the X key, the motor will start. The next time
- you press it, you will shift into first gear. The race
- will start one second after your motor starts, but you
- won't be able to shift into first until the race starts.